What is an ACL Injury?
ACL, scientifically known as the anterior cruciate ligament, is one of the major stabilizers of the knee joint. Its primary action predominantly is to prevent anterior (Infront) translation (movement) of the lower bone (tibia) over the upper bone (femur). When this ligament is torn, patients exhibit sudden give way of joint when coming down stairs, walking on uneven surfaces, or participating in sports activities that require sudden turning, such as during sports. Each of these episodes of giving way/ instability may lead to further damage in joints by crushing cushions of knee joints, also known as menisci, between bones. Tear in menisci affects weight distribution in the knee and may lead to early osteoarthritis. Thus, every ACL injury must be taken seriously.
ACL Injury Treatments
ACL injury is most commonly treated by keyhole surgery, also known as arthroscopy. It is usually performed by an orthopedic surgeon with fellowship training in arthroscopy. The procedure is known as ACL reconstruction surgery. An end of the muscle, also known as a tendon is harvested from distal thigh, upper or lower leg. It is fixed in knee joint made by tunnels in tibia and femur. Over a period, this tendon completely transforms into an ACL. This period, also known as ligamentization, varies in individual and the reconstructed ligament needs protection during this period.
ACL Injury Recovery
The rehabilitation of the ACL ligament is straightforward. The patient is out of bed on the same day of surgery. Initial walking is done with the help of a walker. Partial weight bearing is allowed for 2 weeks, followed by complete weight bearing. The target knee range of motion is 90 degrees by 2- weeks and complete movement by 4–6 weeks. Physiotherapy is required for 6–12 weeks, depending on the level of athletics. A person is allowed to run after 6–9 months when a detailed evaluation of muscle power, stability of reconstruction, and patients’ confidence has been performed.
ACL injuries, if ignored, may lead to devastating complications of early arthritis. Consult an orthopedic surgeon trained in arthroscopy/ sports medicine if you suspect to have this injury.